Beneath The Qusaiba Palace
Neither a study nor an archaeological survey were conducted on this well.
This well has two techniques.
This was a desert, but every desert is a town.
Perhaps Al-Jawa is their town.
They devised an advanced method for withdrawing water.
Millions of years ago
this was a fresh lake surrounded by greenery
with plentiful reeds on its banks.
The lake dried up, leaving a fertile land and a memory from which it took its name;
Qusaiba.
On the "Aqeel" road, which travelers from the Arabian Peninsula used to pass to the Levant
in search of the flourishing trade markets
Qusaiba settled, where one of the most famous palaces in that region is located;
Mashqouq Palace.
There is a specific architectural feature to withdraw water from a far place
in Qusaiba, which is seventy kilometers north of Buraydah. - Qusaiba, north of Al-Qassim.
Yes, this is a very old architectural style
to draw water from a far place for watering palms.
This is the famous Qusaiba oasis, along which the ancient
and modern trade routes pass, as well as the pilgrimage
and then Al-Oqilat four hundred years ago.
Antara Ibn Shaddad says that Qusaiba and the entire region of Al-Qassim and Al-Jawa
were a summer residence for the tribes of Bani Abs and also Bani Asad.
He says: As if the harras, meaning harras of horses
Between Qu and Qaratn, which is Al-Jiwara in present time.
flock of birds fly down to drink.
Moreover, Imru al-Qays, the great poet, says
Longing came back to me after fading away
And Salma resides in Qau and Araar.
Of course, they pass from here
to rest in Qusaiba, (Qu in the past) and they remember it.
The walls of the Mashqouq Palace rose above
a water spring that was engraved in the ground
extending for more than ten kilometers.
A canal supplied by a water spring, originating from the eastern mountain of the city
carries water from long distances to reach the palace
and irrigate the palm groves around it.
Its walls are built from mud
and rise up to fifteen meters towards the sky
and under them lie tunnels and passageways, through which eye springs and rivers flow
to irrigate Qusaiba, known as (Qu) in the past.
Qusaiba or (Qu) in the past is a path for caravans
and it was mentioned in many Arabic poems.
However, the seventh season of Ala Khota Al-Arab is interested
in the rare architectural style.
It is the Palace of Radi. Radi Al-Radi built this great palace
on a canal using the cannel system.
It is a very elaborate channel that brings water from the main
spring to the reservoir or well.
They benefited from it, so, three hundred years ago, they built this palace
on the well, but this well and the technique of withdrawing water go back to ancient civilizations
similar to those in Uyun Al-Jawa.
All of Uyun Al-Jawa was built over slits, and they took advantage of it.
Sheikh Radi Al-Radi
bought this well because this perfect well will last until the Day of Resurrection
unless someone demolishes it because it is very perfect.
A long water spring from the main well
and rooms in the middle of Najd.
I reiterate that this system and this technology came out of the Arabian Peninsula
because it is in the middle of Najd. The middle of the Arabian Peninsula was the first part to desertify.
This was proved by geomorphological evidence.
Al-Mashquq Palace, known as Al-Radi palace, was reconstructed and rehabilitated by Radi bin Ali Al-Sulaiman.
It was built in 1864 in Qusaiba, north of Al-Qassim region.
The palace is known as Al-Radi Palace in relation to its restorer, Radi Ibn Abdul Rahman Al-Radi
who is the Emir and poet of Qusaiba.
As for the water spring and its rivers flowing under this palace
they appear in one of its corridors beside the coffee place of the sheikhs
overlooking Qusaiba and its palms.
Before this system reached other nations, the rivers
continued to flow for some time.
Of course, the canal system was found among the Egyptians and was found in Mesopotamia.
They take a canal from the river
but not for long distances, as we see here
so the origin of this engineering technique is the middle of the Arabian Peninsula.
From the canals to Al-Ula to Dumat al-Jandal, and then it spread.
For example, in Al-Ahsa there is a system of canals,
but until soon, the water springs kept flowing above the ground.
So, why do they dig and expose themselves to dangers underground
if water is flowing above the ground?
This wonderful engineering system in Qusaiba is the beginning.
It is the beginning from here, as the cannels are the first beginning.
The Almighty said: And you shall build palaces to collect the rainwater
as palaces are the outlet to withdraw water.
Until this very day, the south of Riyadh is called Al-Masaneh.
This technology has spread in Najd, and all the immigrants who leave the Arabian Peninsula
and the middle of the Arabian Peninsula have transferred this technology outside the Arabian Peninsula.
Now, we will go down to Al-Radi well as it is now called
to see the inner and the outer water springs.
This staircase that descends to this well
called the Well of Al-Mashquq in Al-Radi palace
reminds us of the Sisera well in Dumat Al-Jandal
Even the Sisera well was attributed to the Nabateans
although it existed before the Nabateans, in my opinion.
Let us focus on this well now. This well has two techniques;
the canal coming from the eastern side of the water spring or the main one
and is dug in the rock underground with a depth of five meters
and there are also the rooms. The water flow comes from two sources, and then they meet
underground in this well.
Later, a slit was made in the ground
close to the surface of the earth, and those who built this palace
on this historical well, which belongs to ancient civilizations, perhaps to the Nabateans or others-
but I personally think that it belongs to the Nabataeans, meaning 800 BC.
مشهد تخيلي لقناة قصر الراضي
It is an elaborate architecture that archaeological researchers did not pay attention to until today.
It was videotaped only by the Arab cameras
although it irrigated more than two thousand palm trees, surrounding the most famous palaces of Qusaiba
according to the grandchildren of Al-Radi
more than two hundred and fifty years ago.
Moreover, neither a study nor an archaeological survey were conducted on this well.
If an archaeological survey was done on it
we will be the first to have explained this method.
It has a water spring that nourishes it, meaning the regular canals using the difficult well-known technique
and a slit from above the ground that irrigates the palms of the people of this palace.
This slit was easily made. It was made at a later stage.
Those who built the palace three hundred years ago are the ones who built or dug this slit.
When this well overflows from the water spring coming from the eastern valley
the water comes out and flows west to irrigate the palm trees.
However, it was built during the days of ancient civilizations, and it has no traces on the surface of the earth now.
This issue needs excavation. Perhaps there was a palace or two palaces here in the
days of the Nabateans or even before the Nabateans. It was built with stone. It is a strong building
and so is this channel built elaborately, thousands of years ago.
However, this slit is modern, and nothing except this canal will last
until the Day of Resurrection unless someone destroys it because it is engraved in the rocks underground.
Ala Khota Al-Arab team spent days in the heart of Najd during their seventh journey.
They walked through the palaces of Uyun Al-Jawa
and its heritage city and its ancient streets
in search of the history of an ancient engineer.
The journey ended above one of its mountains overlooking its fertile land
of history and man.
Man that left an elaborate building under its land
to enrich what is on it.
Qusaiba - Ain Al-Jawa
We climbed to a hill overlooking Uyun Al-Jawa, Ghaf Al-Jawa, and Rawd Al-Jawa.
This land is rich in water
compared to other lands in Najd because it is low and
has flowing water springs.
Therefore, a wonderful and advanced way was devised
to withdraw water through water springs and canals.
Personally, I believe that the person and the civilization that innovated these springs and these canals
are the Nabateans, yes, who went to Petra
400 years BC.
They made Petra their home
after the Edomites weakened because they were invaded by the Persians
so they settled in Petra and established advanced water systems there.
Then, during the first century BC, they went down to Al-Hijr and to Dedan, and they
took control over the Alhanians and this
great trade route that starts from Yemen through Al-Ula to Petra.
Historians visited the east and west of the original home of the Nabataeans
and the best of those who spoke about this is Dr. Suleiman Al-Theaib, through “The Original Home of the Nabataeans”.
Suleiman bin Abdul Rahman Al-Theaib is a writer, researcher, historian, and professor in the Department of History, King Saud University.
Among his books is The Original Home of the Nabataeans
"Riyadh, In Ancient Times"
As the Torah mentioned, they were attributed to Nebaioth
Ibn Ismail Ibn Ibrahim, peace be upon him.
They were also attributed to other nations, and some said,
that they came from the south of the Arabian Peninsula. Others said
that they came from Al-Ahsa, and someone said that they came from the Syrian desert or the Fertile Crescent.
However, the closest evidence show that they were called the Nabateans
not because of Nebaioth Ibn Ismail.
Not everything is attributed to a father, sometimes to a profession.
For example, Lebanon means the white snow
and Yemen means blessings. There was no man called Yemen or Lebanon.
Therefore, the Nabateans were called the Nabateans because they devised an advanced method for withdrawing water.
In my opinion, they lived in Al-Jawa 500-700 BC,
but archaeologists do not believe in this talk because they want field evidence.
I have other archaeological evidence
and anthropological evidence, including names and writings.
They lived here, and perhaps they thought we shall settle in these farms and lands
because the trade route passes through here
and they see how the Lihyans and other nations are in control of the trade route.
Therefore, during a period of their lives
they invaded the northern region and took control of Petra, and as a result, their income became higher.
Always in anthropology, grazing comes first
then man settles and starts with agriculture.
After agriculture, man ascends to another stage, which is trade.
A hundred years ago or even more, the travelers Belgrave, Gormani, and Lichman passed through Uyun Al-Jawa.
They talked about the chivalry and courage of its people.
Lichman said that Al-Jawa is perhaps the only town in Najd - Carlo Gormani known as Khalil Agha, an Italian explorer who visited Uyun Al-Jawa in 1868.
around which no protection wall was built - Gerard Lichman, a British traveler and officer, who visited Uyun Al-Jawa in 1912.
because it is walled and fortified with the strength and prestige of its men.
At that time, Al-Jawa was one of the most splendid towns between Al-Qassim and Hail.
Undoubtedly, the Nabateans lived in a desert
but every desert was a town, and perhaps Al-Jawa is their town.
During a period of their lives, they thought and developed
and switched from agriculture to trade.
They controlled the trade route and built great architectural civilizations
but they also left architectural civilizations in Al-Jawa.
I personally believe that the Aramaeans before them, 3000 BC
left Aliyat Najd area
from Hail and Qassim
because there is clear and strong evidence, which is the language.
The Arameans use a different form of language for the singular feminine words.
They use the same language used in Aliyat Najd.
This also applies for masculine words.
The pronounciation changes at the end of the words.
The Arameans and the Nabataeans left Najd
because they were in need, and drought had begun.
Six thousand or seven thousand years ago, desertification began, so migrations started
because agriculture alone was not enough. Throughout the history of Najd, they say that Najd has no enough resources.
All migrations happened from the center, west, and south of the Arabian Peninsula.
Also, it was said that the Arameans were attributed to Aram Ibn Sam Ibn Noah
and it was said that Al-Aram means the elevated region, meaning the Fertile Crescent region
because Aram means the high region.
Ancient Assyrian texts and cuneiform language
mentioned that they were named Sutu, meaning the shepherds of camels and sheep
and Akhlam, meaning comrade allies
since they are tribes, and tribes always come from a desert.
However, the Fertile Crescent gives urbanization, stability, construction, and cultivation.
Akhlam and Sutu were names given to the Arameans because these are desert characteristics.
Where is the desert located in the Arabian Penninsula? In the middle of Najd.
They were then called the Syriacs.
The Syriacs are the Arameans, but when they converted to Christianity, meaning AC, they were called the Syriacs
who are originally the Arameans.
I personally see that it was Aram Ibn Sam Ibn Noah this time.
They were called after their grandfather and not after their profession.
In the third millennium BC, they left Najd region to the Fertile Crescent region
on the Syrian desert and landed in Iraq.
Then came the Nabataeans from this region, as I mentioned
and before the Aramaic, the Thamudi were here.
This is why we find Thamudi inscriptions everywhere in Uyun Al-Jawa and in Qassim.
The days of Uyun Al-Jawa and its neighbor Qusaiba ended, so Eid al-Yahya
went searching in a desert, in which channels were dug that
appear from the sky a series of rosary beads lying on the sand.
From the ground, they are underground water springs and rivers
running in channels dug with engineering techniques
that left architectural standards that history bears witness to them.